Friday, March 30, 2012
Best Downloading Sites for iPod
Conference Calling Programs
Friday, March 23, 2012
Blu-ray DVD to iPod converter
iPod a longer battery life Tips
Monday, March 19, 2012
Gateway Server Setup
Example: IP range from 192.168.1.0 to 192.168.1.31
Ethernet0 setup:
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
BROADCAST=192.168.1.31
IPADDR=192.168.1.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.1.0
ONBOOT=yes
USERCTL=no
PREDNS=192.168.1.25
TYPE=ETHERNET
:wq
Ethernet1 setup:
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
BOOTPROTO=static
BROADCAST=172.16.1.15
IPADDR=172.16.1.1
NETMASK=255.255.0.0
NETWORK=172.16.1.0
ONBOOT=yes
USERCTL=no
PREDNS=NONE
GATEWAY= IP [given by ISP]
TYPE=ETHERNET
:wq
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
:wq
# service network restart
# netstat -rn [v.c]
Proxy Server Setup
# rpm -qa|grep squid
# vi /etc/squid/squid.conf
Search:
/http_port [http_port 3128]
/Cache_mem [Cache_mem 7 MB]
/Cache_dir [Cache nfs /var/spool/squid 100 16 256]
/Cache_access_log [Cache_access_log /var/log/squid/cache.log]
/Client_network [Client_network 255.255.255.0]
/Cache_effictive [Cache_effictive_user squid]
/INSERT
[acl example.com ip_address/ http_access allow example.com/ acl example.com src 192.168.1.0/24/ acl deny example.com]
Foreward lookup zone:
proxy IN CNAME linux204 (hostname of proxy_server) or linux204 IN A 192.168.1.204
Reverse lookup zone:
204 IN PTR linux204.example.com.
# squid -z [v.c]
# service squid restart [v.c]
[*In web server RLF ip is ip of DNS]
DHCP Server Setup
# rpm -qa|grep dhcp
# vi /var/named/example.com
Line 12 . dhcp IN CNAME linux205
:wq
# service named restart
# rndc reload
# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp3.0p11/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp.conf
# vi /etc/dhcp.conf [configuration file]
# service dhcpd restart
Mail Server Setup
# rpm -qa|grep sendmail
# rpm -qa|grep xinetd
# vi /var/named/example.com
Line 12. ID IN MX 10 mail.example.com.
14 . Mail In CNAME linux205
:wq
# service named restart
# rndc reload
# vi /etc/mail/sendmail.mc
Search:
/DAEMON_OPTION- [block thi line]
/LOCAL_DOMAIN- [ LOCAL_DOMAIN(‘example.com’)dnl ] :wq
# vi /etc/xinetd.d/ipop3
Disable=no
:wq
# make -C /etc/mail
# service sendmail restart
# service xinetd restart
# echo “msg body”|mail -v -s “subject” a1@example.com [to send msg to a1(user name)]
[quit-> to save mail & exit-> to exit without save]
Web/http Server Setup
Forword lookup zone file of DNS :
linux205 IN A IP_address
www IN CNAME linux205
# rpm -qa|grep http [to check package]
# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf [configuration file]
Search
/User apache – User apache
Group apache
/ServerName – www.example.com: 80
/ServerAdmin – root@example.com
/DirectoryIndex - index.html index.html.var [hello.html hello.html.var]
/Listen- Listen 80
/DocumentRoot – “/var/www/html”, /MaxClients-150
# service httpd restart
# vi /var/www/html/hello.html
Body bgcolor= “FFF245”>
How r u
:wq
# chmod 777 /var/www/html
# chown apache.apache /var/www/html/hello.html
# service httpd restart
Secondary DNS Setup
# vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver IP of primary DNS
nameserver IP of secondary DNS
:wq
# vi /etc/named.conf
[ Zone “example.com” IN { type slave; file “example.zone”; masters {IP of primary DNS; }; ]
DNS Server Setup
Primary DNS (PDNS) Setup:
# rpm –qa|grep bind [to check package]
# rpm –qa|grep caching [to check package]
# cd /var/named [contains 3 setup files (cd /var/named/chroot/var/named for fedora core) ]
1. localhost.zone [Forword lookup zone, converts domain into IP]
2. named.ca [cash memory]
3. named.local [Backword lookup zone, converts IP into domain ]
Example:
To make a PDNS, domain_name: example.com & IP-192.168.1.205, host_name: linux205
# cd /var/named
# cp localhost.zone example.com
# cp named.local 192.168.1.205
# vi example.com
Line 2: ORIGIN example.com
3: linux205.example.com. root.example.com.
10: linux205.example.com
11: 192.168.1.205
12: linux205 IN A 192.168.1.205
# vi 192.168.1.205
Line 2: @ linux205.example.com root.example.com.
8: linux205.example.com.
9: IN A 192.168.1.205
10: 205 IN PTR linux205.example.com.
# vi /etc/named.conf [at first copy the portion localhost.zone & named.local then make change to this]
# vi /etc/resolv.conf [to setup domain IP]
Line 1: nameserver 192.168.1.205
2: search example.com
# service named restart
# rndc reload
Verify Command:
# dig -x 192.168.1.205
# host example.com
FTP Server Setup
# ntsysv [ ftp config. File, select the option ‘vsftpd’]
# service vsftpd restart
# ftp server_IP [to access server , then enter name & password]
ftp> pwd
ftp> cd cse
ftp> ls -la
ftp> lcd [to enter as root]
ftp> lcd /backup [a folder of client pc contains files]
ftp> ! ls -la
ftp> mget a* [ to get file started with character a]
ftp> mput a* [ to send file to server started with character a]
ftp> mdel a* [ to delete file from server started with character a]
SAMBA Server Setup
Example:
Cse-> user name
# touch /etc/samba/smbpasswd
# smbpasswd -a cse [to encrypt the password]
# vi /etc/samba/smb.conf [SAMBA configuration file]
Important change of config file:
1. Workgooup [samba]
2. Server String [server name shown to client side, i.e samba server]
3. [myshare] [make a folder as /share ]
4. [public] [path=/, to share all folder]
5. [fredsdir] [make a folder /cse & share the folder]
# service smb restart
*In windows change workgroup from MyComputer-> Properties-> Computer Name-> Change -> Workgroup(samba).
NFS Server Setup
At first have to check 4 settings:
1. Packages
2. IP address
3. Host name
4. Host file [#vi /etc/hosts ]
# rpm -qa|grap nfs [to check the package]
Example:
Server side
# cd /
# mkdir arif
# cd arif
# vi hello
--------
:wq
# vi /etc/exports
/arif *(ro) [*ro ->read only, *rw-> read write , *- for all host, replace * by host_name for limited share i.e /arif linux102 linux103(ro) then only 2 user can share the file]
:wq
# service nfs restart
Client side
# showmount -e linux101 :/arif /mnt
# cd /mnt
# ls
Printer Setup
# printconf [printer setup file]
# lpq [printer queue]
# lpr file_name [to print a file]
# lprm job.no [to delete a print job]
# vi /etc/modules.rpm [to change LAN setup for network printer]
To Send Message & Mail
# ssh host_name@IP address [for remote access]
Ex: ssh linux @192.168.1.100
# write host_name [to write message to another user in the network]
# masg n [to disable message service]
# masg y [to enable message service]
# wall [to send message to all user]
[ctrl+d-> to save msg, ctrl+c-> to exit msg]
# mail hostname [to send mail]
# mail [to show the mail]
To change IP address & hostname
# ifconfig [to show ip address]
# ifconfig eth0 ip_address [to change ip temporarily]
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 [ LAN ip address]
# ping ip_address [to test connectivity]
# netconfig [to change ip permanently]
# service network restart
# ifconfig eth0:1 Ip_address [to set 2 Ip on same nic]
# PS1=’\h/\u/\w/\!/\$/\#’ or ‘Red Hat >’ [to change mode]
# hostname arif [to change hostname temporarily]
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network [to change hostname permanently]
# vi /etc/hosts [contains information about server & clients]
CD /HDD Mount & Installing Package
# mkdir /mnt/test
# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/test [to mount cdrom with the test directory]
# cd /mnt/test
# ls
[ # vi /etc/fstab then write /dev/cdrom /mnt/test iso9660 (for automount) ]
# mount /dev/sda1 [USB]
# mount /dev/fdo [floppy]
# mke2fs -j /dev/hda5 [to format D drive]
# mount /dev/hda5 [ to mount with D drive]
# rpm -ivh package_name [to install package]
# rpm -uvh package_name [to update package]
# rpm -e package_name [to uninstall package]
*RPM-> Redhat Package management.
# date [to show date]
# date monthdayhourminuteyear [to set date]
# at 9:30 [to schudule a task]
[# cp -r /root/a1 /home/a1 (this is a schedule)]
# vi f1
* * * * * command
minute hour day of month month of year day of week
00 10 * * * reboot
*To reboot the system at 10 am everyday.
CD Writting
# mkdir /home/cdr [make a folder name ‘cdr’]
# cd /home/cdr
# touch f1 f2 f3
# cd
# mkisofs -o backup.iso /home/cdr [ to convert 3 files into iso & make a file backup.iso]
# cdrecord -scanbus [ to show cdrom no such as 0,1,0 or 0,3,0]
# cdrecord -v -eject speed=4 dev= 0,1,0 backup.iso [to write into CD]
# cdrecord dev=0,1,0 blank=fast [to blank a rewritable CD]
*CDROM file standard “iso9660”.
Search
# find . –type f or d -name file_name
a. ._ to search in present directory
b. / -> to search in all directory
c. f-> file
d. d-> folder
# find . –type d -name file_name -exec rm -rf {} \ ; [to find and delete at a time, replace -exec by –ok to show message before delete]
# hdparm -tt /dev/hda [to show hdd speed]
# badblocks -s /dev/had [to find bad sector]
# bc [calculator, to exit write ‘quit’]
# bc
for (i=1; i<=5; i++)
# expr 10 + 50 [for direct calculation]
# man command_name [to show manual page, such as # man ls (to show ’ ls ‘ manual)]
# cal month year [to show calander]
Ex: # cal 5 2008
# aspell check file_name [to check spelling]
Binary System:
a)
1 -> active , 0 -> inactive
b) 4 -> r (read)
c) 2 -> w (write)
d) 1 -> x (execute)
Binary | Decimal | Permission | ||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | no permision |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 + 0 +execute |
0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 + write + 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 + write+execute |
1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | read + 0 + 0 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | read + 0 +execute |
1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | read + write |
1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | read + write+execute |
# chmod 777 file_name [to give all permission to everyone ]
# chmod 000 file_name [to give no permission to anyone ]
# chgrp group_name file_name [ to add a file under a group]
Example:
Group name-> iiuc , User name-> cse & eee , File name-> test
user+cse-> all access and
eee and others -> only read
Process:
# groupadd iiuc
# useradd cse
# passwd cse [type and retype the password]
# useradd eee
# passwd eee [type and retype the password]
# usermod -G iiuc cse
# vi /home/test
# chgrp iiuc /home/test
# chmod 774 /home/test